lan – Design of the backbone connection for house network

We want to renovate an older house and properly install a LAN network in the process. Our current network devices only support 1 GiB/s, but higher network speeds are on the horizon. The existing house structure poses restrictions on how we can lie out the cables. For example, the connection from the first to the second floor has to go through the basement, then the third floor. The estimated total length of this cable is 100m – 200m.

Originally, we wanted to install a CAT8 cable for this connection because it has to support all devices in the second floor. We also don’t want to upgrade this connection in the near future.

CAT8 apparently only supports a maximum length of 30m at full speed. Can we even use CAT8 with a length of >100m?

How should we ideally design this backbone connection? Should we split it up into multiple segments with switches/repeaters?

Furthermore, a colleague suggested a CAT8 cable together with a CAT6a patch panel. Does this work together or should it both be CAT8? I guess, switching out a patch panel is much easier than the cable, so I think it could be upgraded when the time is right?